In acute poisoning, the primary clinical signs may be respiratory distress and collapse followed by death due to respiratory muscle paralysis. Severity and course of intoxication is influenced principally by the dosage and route of exposure. Onset of signs after exposure is usually within minutes to hours but may be delayed for >2 days in some cases. Some animals may have skeletal muscle tremors and subsequent weakness, loss in coordination and seizures. ![]() Usually the first to appear are hypersalivation, miosis (constricted pupils), frequent urination, diarrhea, vomiting, colic, and difficulty breathing due to increased bronchial secretions and bronchoconstriction. Poisoning from these pesticides results in cardinal clinical signs consistent with cholinergic stimulation. Organophosphates have a steep dose-response curve and should be handled and used cautiously. The effects may last weeks to months from a single exposure. ![]() They interfere with the action of a brain enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ![]() Pets and children are at risk of consuming the pesticide used in the household, and caution should be used when setting household baits to avoid accidental poisoning. Organophosphates are toxic to many species of birds and mammals including pets, farm animals, and wildlife species.Īlthough the targets are insects, non-target animals can ingest the products from open bait containers or indirectly become exposed by consuming poisoned insects or plant material. ![]() Organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates vary greatly in toxicity, residue levels, and excretion.
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